جُمْهورِيَّة

جُمْهُورِيَّة (noun)

Etymology: Relative noun (nisba) composed of جُمْهُور (jumhūr, “crowd, public”) + ـِيَّة (-iyya), a calque of Latin rēs pūblica after the French Revolution 1789, first in Ottoman Turkish جمهوریت (cumhuriyet), at the beginning used for the new ideology of republicanism, while جُمْهُور (jumhūr) was used earlier already for states like the Republic of Venice – an invention of Turkish diplomacy: the Classical Arabic translation for Latin rēs pūblica and Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía) was مَدِينَة (madīna), and the ideological parallel development was represented by the خِلَافَة (ḵilāfa) having an elective head of state subject to the rule of law – and this nisba meaning the form of government only became definite in the middle of the 19th century and broadly known with the rise of Pan-Arabism during World War I. An Arab Jumhuriya was proclaimed in Italian-ruled Tripoli in November 1919; however Azerbaijan came before, in May 1918.

Meaning: republicanism; republic

From Wiktionary: جمهورية, by Wiktionary contributors, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.